CSS Image Styling

An image is visual content that is displayed on a web page using specified URL. For example,

Styled Image

The above example shows a styled image using CSS.

Images are crucial in enhancing the visual appeal of a website, conveying information, and engaging users.

Add Image in HTML

An image is added in HTML using <img> element.

<img src="house.png" alt="A building" />

Browser Output

The above example shows the default image in HTML without any CSS styles.

Note: By default, images take their default width and height.

Style Your Image

We can use CSS to style our image in the following ways,

Changing the image size
Adding a rounded corner to the image
Centering image
Creating responsive image
Creating thumbnail image
Creating transparent image
Adding a background image
Creating image card
Creating image text overlay
Object-fit property
Applying image filters
Adding hover to the image
Adding a flipping effect to the image

Let's look at each of them in detail.

Changing the Image Size

The width and height properties are used to resize the image. For example,

HTML

CSS

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
    <title>CSS Image Size</title>
</head>

<body>
    <h2>Original Image</h2>
    <img src="https://www.programiz.com/blog/content/images/2020/11/intro-c-banner-1-1.png" alt="Avatar of a standing girl" />
    <div class="styled-image">
        <h2>After setting up width and height properties</h2>
        <img src="https://www.programiz.com/blog/content/images/2020/11/intro-c-banner-1-1.png" alt="Avatar of a standing girl" />
    </div>
</body>

</html>

.styled-image img {
    width: 280px;
    height: 200px;
}

Browser Output

Original Image

After setting up width and height properties

The above example shows the default image and the image with a fixed width and height of 280px and 200px, respectively.

Note: Adjusting the width and height properties of an image can change the proportion of its width to height. This is known as distorting the aspect ratio.

To maintain the original proportions of an image, use the max-width property to set an upper limit on width while allowing the height to adjust automatically.

Adding Rounded Corner to Image

The border-radius property is used to add the rounded corners around the image. For example,

HTML

CSS

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
    <title>CSS Image Styling</title>
</head>

<body>

    <img src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1570129477492-45c003edd2be?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D&auto=format&fit=crop&w=2070&q=80" alt="Building" />
    </div>
</body>

</html>

img {
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    border-radius: 10px;
}

Browser Output

In the above example, the border-radius property rounds the corners of the image with a 10px of border-radius.

We can make a circular image by adding:

border-radius: 50%;

Browser Output

Centering Image

We can center an image in a container with the help of display and margin properties. For example,

img {
    width: 150px;
    display: block;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
}

Browser Output

In the above example,

display: block converts the image into a block-level element
margin-left: auto and margin-right: auto center an image horizontally by creating an equal space around it

Note: Block-level elements begin on a new line and take the full available width of the parent element.

Creating Responsive Image

The max-width property is used to make the image responsive. For example,

img {
    max-width: 500px;
    height: auto;
}

Browser Output

Here,

max-width: 500px sets the maximum width of 500px to the image
height: auto maintains the image's aspect ratio

Note: It is important to note that the max-width property will only scale down an image. If the image is smaller than its container, it will not scale up to fill the container.

Creating Thumbnail Image

The border property is used to create a thumbnail image. For example,

img {
    max-width: 150px;
    border: 1px solid black;
    padding: 10px;
}

Browser Output

Here, the border property adds a solid black border of 1px around the image, creating an appearance like a thumbnail.

Creating Transparent Image

The opacity property adds transparency to an image.

The value of the opacity property ranges from 0.0 to 1.0. The lower value represents the more transparent image.

Let's see an example,

HTML

CSS

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8" />
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
        <title>CSS Transparent Image</title>
    </head>

    <body>
        <div>
            <p>Opacity-0.1</p>
            <img
                class="first-image"
src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1570129477492-45c003edd2be?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D&auto=format&fit=crop&w=2070&q=80"
                alt="Building" />
        </div>

        <div>
            <p>Opacity-0.5</p>
            <img
                class="second-image"
src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1570129477492-45c003edd2be?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D&auto=format&fit=crop&w=2070&q=80"
                alt="Building" />
        </div>

        <div>
            <p>Opacity-1</p>
            <img
                class="third-image"
src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1570129477492-45c003edd2be?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D&auto=format&fit=crop&w=2070&q=80"
                alt="Building" />
        </div>

    </body>

</html>

img {
    max-width: 150px;
}

.first-image {
    opacity: 0.1;
}

.second-image {
    opacity: 0.5;
}

.third-image {
    opacity: 1;
}

div {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-right: 20px;
}

Browser Output

The above example shows images with different opacity values.

Adding a Background Image

We can add an image to use as a background of an element. For example,

HTML

CSS

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />

    <title>CSS image</title>
</head>

<body>
    <h2>Adding a background image</h2>
</body>

</html>

body {
    background-image: url("https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1621091211034-53136cc1eb32?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1974&q=80");
}

Browser Output

Adding a background image

In the above example, the background-image property adds the background image to the body of the webpage.

Creating Image Card

Let's create an image card using different CSS properties.

HTML

CSS

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8" />
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
        <title>CSS Image Card</title>
    </head>

    <body>
        <div class="image-card">
            <img
src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1570129477492-45c003edd2be?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D&auto=format&fit=crop&w=2070&q=80"
                alt="Image Description" />
            <div class="card-content">
                <p>Image Card</p>
            </div>
        </div>
    </body>

</html>

.image-card {
    max-width: 200px;
    box-shadow: 0px 0px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    border-radius: 8px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.image-card img {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
}

.card-content {
    text-align: center;
}

Browser Output

The above example creates a simple image card.

Creating Image Text Overlay

We can place and position text in an image using different CSS properties. For example,

HTML

CSS

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8" />
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
        <title>CSS Image Text</title>
    </head>

    <body>
        <div class="container">
            <img src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1444080748397-f442aa95c3e5?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1932&q=80"
                alt="Building" />
            <p class="top-left">Top Left</p>
            <p class="top-right">Top Right</p>
            <p class="bottom-left">Bottom Left</p>
            <p class="bottom-right">Bottom Right</p>
            <p class="center">Center</p>
        </div>
    </body>

</html>

.container {
    position: relative;
}

.top-left {
    position: absolute;
    top: 5px;
    left: 10px;
    color: white;
}

.top-right {
    position: absolute;
    top: 5px;
    right: 10px;
    color: white;
}

.bottom-left {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 5px;
    left: 10px;
    color: white;
}

.bottom-right {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 5px;
    right: 10px;
    color: white;
}

.center {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
    color: white;
}

img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 200px;
}

Browser Output

The above example shows different positions of the text on the image.

Note: To absolutely position any inner child element within a container, it is important to set the position of the container to relative.

This is because absolutely positioned elements are positioned relative to their nearest positioned ancestor.

Object Fit

The object-fit property specifies how an image should fit inside the container without affecting its aspect ratio.

The object-fit property can take several values as:

fill: stretches the image to fill the entire container
contain: scales image to fit within the container maintaining its aspect ratio
cover: scales image to cover the entire container
scale-down: scales down the image to its smallest version
none: does not resize the image

Let's see an example,

HTML

CSS

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8" />
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
        <title>CSS Object-Fit Example</title>
    </head>

    <body>
        <h2>Object-Fit: Fill</h2>
        <div>
            <img
                class="fill"               src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1444080748397-f442aa95c3e5?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1932&q=80"
                alt="Image" />
        </div>
        <h2>Object-Fit: Cover</h2>
        <div>
            <img
                class="cover"                src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1444080748397-f442aa95c3e5?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1932&q=80"
                alt="Image" />
        </div>
        <h2>Object-Fit: Scale Down</h2>
        <div>
            <img
                class="scale-down"               src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1444080748397-f442aa95c3e5?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1932&q=80"
                alt="Image" />
        </div>
        <h2>Object-Fit: Contain</h2>
        <div>
            <img
                class="contain"               src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1444080748397-f442aa95c3e5?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1932&q=80"
                alt="Image" />
        </div>
    </body>

</html>

img {
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    border: 2px solid #333;
    margin: 10px;
}

img.fill {
    object-fit: fill;
}

img.cover {
    object-fit: cover;
}

img.scale-down {
    object-fit: scale-down;
}

img.contain {
    object-fit: contain;
}

Browser Output

Object-Fit: Fill

Object-Fit: Cover

Object-Fit: Scale Down

Object-Fit: Contain

The above example shows different values of the object-fit property.

Image Filters

The filter property is used to create various visual effects on an element. For example,

HTML

CSS

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
    <title>CSS Image Filter</title>
</head>

<body>

    <div>
        <p>filter: blur(3px);</p>
        <img class="blur" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1570129477492-45c003edd2be?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D&auto=format&fit=crop&w=2070&q=80" alt="buiilding" style="max-width: 200px; filter: blur(3px)"
        />
    </div>

    <div>
        <p>filter: brightness(150%);</p>
        <img class="brightness" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1570129477492-45c003edd2be?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D&auto=format&fit=crop&w=2070&q=80" alt="building" />
    </div>

    <div>
        <p>filter: contrast(200%);</p>
        <img class="contrast" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1570129477492-45c003edd2be?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D&auto=format&fit=crop&w=2070&q=80" alt="building" />
    </div>

    <div>
        <p>filter: sepia(100%)</p>
        <img class="sepia" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1570129477492-45c003edd2be?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D&auto=format&fit=crop&w=2070&q=80" alt="building" />
    </div>

    <div>
        <p>filter: greyscale(100%)</p>
        <img class="grayscale" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1570129477492-45c003edd2be?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D&auto=format&fit=crop&w=2070&q=80" alt="building" />
    </div>

    <div>
        <p>filter: hue-rotate(90deg)</p>
        <img class="huerotate" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1570129477492-45c003edd2be?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D&auto=format&fit=crop&w=2070&q=80" alt="building" />
    </div>

    <div>
        <p>filter: invert(150%)</p>
        <img class="invert" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1570129477492-45c003edd2be?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D&auto=format&fit=crop&w=2070&q=80" alt="building" />
    </div>

    <div>
        <p>filter: saturate(5)</p>
        <img class="saturate" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1570129477492-45c003edd2be?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D&auto=format&fit=crop&w=2070&q=80" alt="building" />
    </div>
</body>

</html>

div {
    display: inline-block;
    margin: 12px;
}

img {
    max-width: 200px;
}

img.blur {
    filter: blur(3px);
}

img.brightness {
    filter: brightness(150%);
}

img.contrast {
    filter: contrast(200%);
}

img.sepia {
    filter: sepia(100%);
}

img.greyscale {
    filter: greyscale(100%);
}

img.huerotate {
    filter: hue-rotate(90deg);
}

img.invert {
    filter: invert(150%);
}

img.saturate {
    filter: saturate(5);
}

Browser Output

filter: blur(3px);

filter: brightness(150%);

filter: contrast(200%);

filter: sepia(100%)

filter: greyscale(100%)

filter: hue-rotate(90deg)

filter: invert(150%)

filter: saturate(5)

The above example shows different image filters.

Image Hover Overlay

The :hover pseudo class selector is used to change the overlay effect on hovering the image. For example,

HTML

CSS

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8" />
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
        <title>CSS Image Overlay</title>
    </head>

    <body>
        <div class="container">
            <img              src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1570129477492-45c003edd2be?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D&auto=format&fit=crop&w=2070&q=80"
                alt="buiilding" />
            <div class="overlay overlay-left">
                <p class="overlay-text">Slide in (left)</p>
            </div>
        </div>

        <div class="container">
            <img                src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1570129477492-45c003edd2be?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D&auto=format&fit=crop&w=2070&q=80"
                alt="buiilding" />
            <div class="overlay overlay-right">
                <p class="overlay-text">Slide in (right)</p>
            </div>
        </div>

        <div class="container">
            <img               src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1570129477492-45c003edd2be?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D&auto=format&fit=crop&w=2070&q=80"
                alt="buiilding" />
            <div class="overlay overlay-top">
                <p class="overlay-text">Slide in (top)</p>
            </div>
        </div>

        <div class="container">
            <img               src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1570129477492-45c003edd2be?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D&auto=format&fit=crop&w=2070&q=80"
                alt="buiilding" />
            <div class="overlay overlay-bottom">
                <p class="overlay-text">Slide in (bottom)</p>
            </div>
        </div>
    </body>

</html>

.container {
    max-width: 200px;
    border: 1px solid black;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.overlay {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background-color: purple;
    position: absolute;
    transition: all 0.7s ease;
}

.overlay-text {
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
    color: white;
    font-weight: bold;
}

img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
}

/* creating the left overlay */
.overlay-left {
    left: -100%;
    top: 0;
}

.container:hover .overlay-left {
    left: 0;
}

/* creating the right overlay */
.overlay-right {
    right: -100%;
    top: 0;
}

.container:hover .overlay-right {
    right: 0;
}

/* creating the bottom overlay */
.overlay-bottom {
    bottom: -100%;
    left: 0;
}

.container:hover .overlay-bottom {
    bottom: 0;
}

/* creating the top overlay */
.overlay-top {
    top: -100%;
    left: 0;
}

.container:hover .overlay-top {
    top: 0;
}

Browser Output

Slide in (left)

Slide in (right)

Slide in (top)

Slide in (bottom)

The above example shows different overlay effects on hovering the images.

Flip an Image

Let's see how we can flip an image.

HTML

CSS

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8" />
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
        <title>CSS Image Flips</title>
    </head>

    <body>
        <div>
            <p>Horizontal Flip</p>
            <img
                class="horizontal-flip"
                src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1570129477492-45c003edd2be?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D&auto=format&fit=crop&w=2070&q=80"
                alt="buiilding" />
        </div>
        <div>
            <p>Vertical Flip</p>
            <img
                class="vertical-flip"                src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1570129477492-45c003edd2be?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D&auto=format&fit=crop&w=2070&q=80"
                alt="buiilding" />
        </div>
        <div>
            <p>Diagonal Flip</p>
            <img
                class="diagonal-flip"                src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1570129477492-45c003edd2be?ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D&auto=format&fit=crop&w=2070&q=80"
                alt="buiilding" />
        </div>
    </body>

</html>

div {
    display: inline-block;
    margin: 12px;
}

img {
    width: 200px;
}

img.horizontal-flip:hover {
    transform: scaleX(-1);
}

img.vertical-flip:hover {
    transform: scaleY(-1);
}

img.diagonal-flip:hover {
    transform: scaleX(-1) scaleY(-1);
}

Browser Output

Horizontal Flip

Vertical Flip

Diagonal Flip

The above example shows different ways of flipping an image.

Introduction
Add Image in HTML
Style Your Image
Changing the Image Size
Adding Rounded Corner to Image
Centering Image
Creating Responsive Image
Creating Thumbnail Image
Creating Transparent Image
Adding a Background Image
Creating Image Card
Creating Image Text Overlay
Object Fit
Image Filters
Image Hover Overlay
Flip an Image

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CSS Introduction

Combinators & Selectors

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Changing the Image Size

Original Image

After setting up width and height properties

Adding Rounded Corner to Image

Centering Image

Creating Responsive Image

Creating Thumbnail Image

Creating Transparent Image

Adding a Background Image

Adding a background image

Creating Image Card

Creating Image Text Overlay

Object Fit

Object-Fit: Fill

Object-Fit: Cover

Object-Fit: Scale Down

Object-Fit: Contain

Image Filters

Image Hover Overlay

Flip an Image

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